The familiar five volts standard from back in the TTL days always struck me as odd. Back when I was just a poor kid trying to cobble together my first circuits from the Forrest Mims Engineer’s ...

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Abstract: The 'basic element' approach has been proposed for evaluating the complexity of sequence control designs using the ladder logic diagram (LLD) and Petri net (PN). Since basic elements for ...

A portable camping fridge is a powered mobile cooling system that typically runs off your car's 12-volt electrical system to keep your food and drinks cold (or frozen) indefinitely. It's more ...

Ajay has worked in tech journalism for over a decade as a reporter, analyst, product reviewer, and editor. He got his start in consumer tech, breaking Android news at Newsweek before going to PCMag, ...

Abstract: Today, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) is the dominant technology deployed in control automation systems in modern factories. The main modeling method of the PLC is based on ladder ...

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Chemical Engineering is concerned with the design and operation of processes which convert materials and energy into the higher value products we use every day. It understands the processes which ...

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A collection of practical code snippets demonstrating TIA Portal Openness API (V20) implementation with easy-to-understand examples. Designed to help developers and automation engineers learn and ...