Among the abundance of components making up electronic circuits, very few are as important as capacitors. These components, ...

One of the biggest problems for designers of op-amp circuitry arises when the circuit must be operated from a single supply, rather than ± 15 V. This application note provides working circuit examples ...

The 4-20 mA transmitters used in industrial current-control loops can be implemented as powered current sources, remote non-powered current sinks, or with several other I/O combinations. A useful ...

The theory of electric circuits is governed by Kirchhoff's laws: the sum of the currents flowing to a node is zero, and the net voltage drop around a closed loop is zero. In addition to Kirchhoff's ...

CMOS technology has dominated the IC business for the last 25 years and will continue to do so for another 25 years, according to the author of CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation. He explains ...

Small-signal analysis of switching dc-dc converters determines their specific transfer functions, for example, for stability analysis or design of a proper input filter. Transfer functions of interest ...