Internal pipe corrosion within water distribution systems leads to iron oxide deposits on pipe walls, potentially contaminating the water supply. Consuming iron oxide-contaminated water can cause ...

Guaranteeing drinking water (DW) quality for customers is essential for DW companies. The hygienic and aesthetic quality of water is influenced by physical-chemical and microbial processes in source ...

This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating ...